The expansion of renewable energies aims at meeting the energy demand of the EU while replacing fossil fuels, but it requires large areas of land. At the same time, food security is threatened by the impacts of climate change and a growing world population. Agrophotovoltaics (APV) can mitigate the con icting interests between agriculture and open space photovoltaic systems for viable land, as it allows to produce energy and food at the same time on the same place through a combination of farming and solar generation with a total land use e ciency of up to 186%.